Carp are diverse and intriguing, each offering unique characteristics that set them apart. If you are looking for an in-depth guide about different types of carp, you’re on the right page.
This comprehensive guide delves into the most popular carp species, providing detailed insights into their history, appearance, size, and notable catches.
Let’s explore 24 popular carp species!
1. Crucian Carp
The Crucian Carp, scientifically known as Carassius carassius, is a member of the carp family and is closely related to the common carp. This carp is an omnivore and has a typical carp look that many carp anglers appreciate.
History
Originating from European waters, the Crucian Carp has a rich history and has been a favorite among carp anglers for centuries. It’s believed that the carp was introduced to various regions due to its popularity.
Appearance
Crucian Carp are usually golden-green in color and have a robust, rounded body. Unlike some carp species, they don’t have barbels around their mouths.
Size
A typical Crucian Carp can be found measuring between 6 and 12 inches. However, large Crucian Carp specimens can exceed this average size.
Record Catches
The world record for a Crucian Carp is impressive, with some catches weighing over 4 pounds.
In the United Kingdom, the largest Crucian carp caught weighed 4 pounds, 12 ounces landed by Julian Barnes on May 3, 2021.
2. Goldfish
Belonging to the carp family, the Goldfish, or Carassius auratus, is a species many are familiar with. Often seen in household aquariums, these carp have a vibrant appearance that stands out.
History
Goldfish have an Asian origin, specifically from China. They were initially bred for their bright colors, and after over 1,000 years of domestication, they became popular worldwide, both as ornamental fish and pets.
Fun Fact: Goldfish used to be considered an edible type of fish in early Chinese history.
Appearance
Goldfish breeds vary greatly in size, body shape, fin configuration, and coloration. The colors include combinations of white, yellow, orange, red, brown, and black.
Size
Wild goldfish typically grow between 4.7 and 8.7 inches. In small indoor aquariums, goldfish tend to stay about 1 to 2 inches long.
They may grow larger if moved to bigger fish tanks, but they usually do not grow longer than 6 inches.
Record Catches
While not typically the target of carp anglers, some goldfish have been found in the wild weighing over 5 pounds.
Notably, a goldfish caught by Stuart Thurston is believed to be the largest in the United Kingdom records, measuring 7 pounds, 5 ounces.
3. Catla
The Catla, scientifically known as Catla catla, is a standout among the many types of carp. This fish is particularly known for its unique appearance and is one of the main carp species found throughout South Asia.
History
Originating from the freshwater regions of South Asia, Catla has been a significant part of fisheries for centuries. Over time, they have gained popularity in various parts of the world, especially in South Asia.
Appearance
Catlas boast a broad head, a large protruding lower jaw, and a shiny silver body. Their distinct features make them easily distinguishable from other carp species, like the common and mirror carp.
Size
Catla is a fast-growing fish that can reach lengths ranging from 4 to 6.5 feet and weights of up to 85 pounds.
However, in some favorable conditions, they can even surpass this size, making them one of the larger carp species.
Record Catches
Despite growing up to 85 pounds, the current record catch for the Catla is 41.66 pounds, according to the International Game Fish Association (IGFA).
4. Mrigal Carp
Scientifically known as Cirrhinus cirrhosus, the Mrigal Carp is another fascinating carp species. Recognized for its importance in Asian fisheries, the Mrigal Carp has a distinct appearance thanks to its unique scale pattern.
History
Native to the freshwater basins of India, Bangladesh, and Myanmar, the Mrigal Carp has been a staple in Asian fisheries for ages. Its adaptability has led to its introduction in various other regions as well.
Appearance
With a slender body and a slightly compressed head, the Mrigal Carp looks very similar to some other carp species. However, their unique scale pattern sets them apart.
Size
On average, the Mrigal Carp grows to about 23 to 31 inches in length. But, with the right conditions, some have been known to reach lengths of up to 40 inches.
Record Catches
While they might not hold records like the more widely known common carp, Mrigal Carp have seen some impressive catches.
According to the IGFA, the heaviest recorded Mrgal Carp in sport fishing weighs 19 pounds and 1 ounce.
5. Mud Carp
The Mud Carp, or Cirrhinus molitorella, is one of the Asian carp species that has garnered attention in the fish community. Like the mirror and common carp, this species is well-known.
History
Originating from the freshwater regions of southern China and Vietnam, the Mud Carp has been a staple in many Asian diets for centuries.
Mud carp cultivation was introduced to China during the Tang dynasty (618–907 AD) as a substitute for common carp, which was forbidden to fish due to a ban. Over time, they have become a popular choice for aquaculture.
Appearance
With a sleek, silvery body, the Mud Carp’s appearance is quite distinct. Unlike some carp species, such as the grass carp, that don’t have barbels, Mud Carp sport tiny whisker-like barbels near their mouth.
Size
Typically, a mature Mud Carp can reach lengths of up to 30 inches. However, in some regions, especially where they are considered invasive species, they might grow larger.
Record Catches
In the world of angling, the Mud Carp isn’t as sought after as the more common mirror or common carp. However, a record of 24 pounds and 13 ounces stands according to the website Fishing World Records.
6. Smallscale Mud Carp
The Smallscale Mud Carp, known scientifically as Cirrhinus microlepis, is a close relative of the Mud Carp. This carp is a variation that’s smaller in size but equally fascinating.
History
Like their larger carp counterparts, Smallscale Mud Carp have their roots in Asia. Over the years, they have spread to various parts of the world, sometimes becoming an invasive species in certain ecosystems.
Appearance
These fish boast a shimmering body covered in tiny, intricate scales. Their appearance is somewhat like a common carp but with more delicate features.
Size
Smallscale Mud Carp can reach a maximum recorded length of approximately 25.6 inches and a max weight of around 11 pounds. However, don’t be fooled by their size; they’re a resilient species.
Record Catches
Smallscale Mud Carp have been caught by anglers aiming for a challenge. Some record catches in Thailand have seen these fish weighing up to approximately 33 pounds.
7. Grass Carp
The Grass Carp or Ctenopharyngodon Idella is a unique carp fish known for its herbivorous nature, primarily feeding on aquatic plants. Unlike many carp varieties, grass carp don’t have barbels.
History
Grass carp were introduced to various parts of the world as a natural way to control aquatic weeds. Originating from Asia, they have since become a common sight in many freshwater habitats.
Appearance
Grass carp possess an elongated, slightly chubby, torpedo-shaped physique. Their color transitions from dark olive on the dorsal side to brownish-yellow on the flanks, culminating in a white belly.
Size
Grass carp exhibit rapid growth. Juveniles stocked in spring at roughly 7.8 inches can surpass 17 inches by autumn. Typically, they measure between 23 and 39 inches when fully grown and can weigh up to 90 pounds.
Record Catches
Some of the largest grass carp in the world have been caught in the southern United States, with record weights exceeding 70 pounds.
However, some records reveal that a grass carp weighing 89 pounds and 5 ounces has been caught in the Danube River in Hungary.
8. Common Carp
The common carp, known scientifically as Cyprinus Carpio, is one of the most well-known and widespread carp fish.
Like most carp species, they are omnivorous and have a distinct appearance with two pairs of barbels on their upper jaw.
History
Common carp have a rich history, with their origins tracing back to Asia. They were later introduced to Europe and other parts of the world, where they quickly became a popular fish for both sport and food.
Appearance
Common carp come in many color variations, from bronze to dark green, with a yellowish underside. Their bodies are robust and covered in large, overlapping scales.
Size
Common carp tend to grow quite large, with average adults measuring between 20 and 30 inches in length. In some habitats, they can weigh up to 40 pounds or more.
Having experienced pier fishing for common carp, most of the catch I had measured only about 15 to 20 pounds.
However, when I was invited to fish using my friend’s pontoon boat, we were able to find a sweet spot where we reeled in carp that weighed between 25 to 30 pounds.
Record Catches
The United Kingdom is home to some of the largest common carp, with record catches like the leather carp weighing in at over 60 pounds.
As for the common carp, a 2018 British report claims that the current world record common carp weighs a staggering 64 pounds and 6 ounces.
9. Mirror Carp
The Mirror Carp is a subspecies of the Common Carp, Cyprinus Carpio. This carp is an omnivore and a filter feeder. They stand out due to their unique scale pattern, which is different from other carp species.
History
Originating from Europe, Mirror Carp were selectively bred from the common carp due to their fewer scales. Over time, they have become one of the most sought-after carp for anglers and fish enthusiasts.
Appearance
Unlike the evenly scaled common carp, Mirror Carp have irregular and patchy scales. This gives them a “mirrored” appearance, hence their name.
Size
Mirror Carp can grow quite large, often reaching lengths of up to 30 inches. They are usually heavier than common carp, making them a prized catch for anglers.
Record Catches
Some record catches of Mirror Carp have weighed in at over 60 pounds. In fact, one report claims that a British record Mirror Carp tipped the scale to 83 pounds and 4 ounces in Wingham, England.
10. Fully-Scaled Mirror Carp
The Fully-Scaled Mirror Carp, another variation of Cyprinus Carpio, is similar to a mirror carp but with a distinctive feature: it’s covered in scales from head to tail.
History
Contrary to popular belief that this carp is a result of breeding mirror or common carp to achieve a fully-scaled appearance, this fish occurs naturally in the wild.
In fact, they have been known and fished for centuries across Europe and Asia. Over time, as carp breeding developed, variations like the mirror carp emerged, but the fully-scaled carp remains a representation of its most natural form.
Appearance
As the name suggests, the Fully-Scaled Mirror Carp is adorned with scales all over its body. This gives it a shimmering appearance, differentiating it from the patchy-scaled mirror carp.
Size
Fully-Scaled Mirror Carp are a species that can reach impressive sizes, often rivaling their mirror carp counterparts. They can grow up to 30 inches or more in length.
Record Catches
Anglers have reported catching Fully-Scaled Mirror Carp weighing over 60 pounds. These carp are also known to thrive in various freshwater environments, making them a common target for fishing enthusiasts.
Watch this video to witness how anglers venture the catch of 60-pound Fully-Scaled Mirror carp:
11. Linear Carp
The Linear Carp, a variant of the species Cyprinus Carpio, is closely related to the mirror carp. This carp has been selectively bred from the mirror carp, distinguished by its unique scale pattern.
History
The Linear Carp descends from the common carp lineage. Over the years, it has been selectively bred to achieve its distinctive appearance, making it more closely related to the mirror carp than to the common carp.
Appearance
Linear Carp are characterized by a single line of scales along their lateral line. Unlike many different types of carp that are densely scaled, such as common and crucian carp, they mostly lack scales on their bodies, rendering a sleek appearance.
Size
Typically, mature Linear Carp will have large proportions, with some reaching impressive lengths of up to 30 inches.
Record Catches
Anglers often seek Linear Carp for the challenge they present. Record catches have reported individuals weighing over 40 pounds, making them a prized catch in the carp fishing community.
12. Leather Carp
The Leather Carp, known scientifically as Cyprinus carpio nudus, is another variation of the carp family. Unlike different species of carp, these carp are unique due to their almost complete lack of scales.
History
Derived from the common carp lineage, Leather Carp have been selectively bred for their scale-less appearance.
Interestingly, carp are related to goldfish, and the Leather Carp’s smooth skin is reminiscent of their golden relatives.
Appearance
As the name suggests, Leather Carp have smooth, leather-like skin. They lack the scales that most other carp, like the ghost carp or koi carp, are usually adorned with.
Size
Leather Carp are among the larger carp species. The average Leather Carp can grow up to 35 inches in length, with a robust and muscular build.
Record Catches
In the world of angling, Leather Carp are a common target due to their size and fight. Many record catches have boasted Leather Carp weighing in at over 50 pounds.
According to one source, the record catch for the Leather carp is 54 pounds and 8 ounces.
13. Koi Carp
Sometimes called the Amur Carp, the Koi Carp is scientifically known as Cyprinus rubrofuscus. They are a standout among different carp species, renowned for their vibrant colors and ornamental value.
These carp are omnivorous and are often the centerpiece of decorative ponds.
History
Originating from East Asia, Koi Carp have been bred for centuries for their unique color patterns. Over time, they have become symbols of love and friendship in various cultures.
Fun Fact: The Koi is regarded as one of the most expensive fish. By record, the priciest Koi sold was recorded to fetch as much as $1.8 million.
Appearance
Koi Carp are easily distinguishable by their bright, varied colorations, which can include shades of orange, yellow, white, and even blue. Their scales often shimmer in the sunlight, adding to their allure.
Size
Typically, Koi Carp grow to lengths of 2 to 3 feet, although some exceptional specimens can exceed this size.
Record Catches
While not typically fished for sport, some Koi Carp in private collections have been reported to weigh over 40 pounds. According to one source, the largest Koi Carp ever caught clocked in at around 90 pounds in 2007.
14. Ghost Carp
The Ghost Carp, a hybrid between the Common Carp (Cyprinus Carpio) and the Koi carp (Cyprinus rubrofuscus), is a unique blend.
These carp are also known as Ghost Koi and have the nickname “ghost carp fish” due to their appearance.
History
Originating from breeding practices in the East, the Ghost Carp was a delightful accident when breeders crossed the common carp with koi. Over time, they have gained popularity in different carp communities worldwide.
Appearance
Ghost Carp usually boast a shimmering silver body, often accompanied by patches of yellow or orange. Some variants, known as the yellow ghost carp, have a more pronounced yellow hue.
Size
Typically, Ghost Carp can grow up to 30 inches in length, with some even surpassing this size in the right conditions.
Record Catches
Some of the largest Ghost Carp caught have weighed over 40 pounds, making them a prized catch among anglers. In 2014, a Ghost Carp was said to have been caught, and it weighed 47 pounds and 12 ounces.
15. Bighead Carp
The Bighead Carp, bearing the scientific name Hypophthalmichthys nobilis, is renowned for its large, scaleless head and eyes located very low on the head.
Bighead Carp are primarily filter feeders, preferentially consuming zooplankton but also phytoplankton and detritus.
History
Originating from East Asia, Bighead Carp were introduced to various parts of the world for aquaculture and algae control. However, their rapid proliferation led to them being considered invasive in some regions.
Appearance
With a broad head and a mouth positioned upwards, the Bighead Carp has unique silhouettes. Their body is generally silver-grey, with a mottled appearance.
Size
Bighead Carp are substantial, with a typical length of 23 inches. The typical maximum size for these types of carp is 57 inches and 88 pounds.
Record Catches
Anglers have reported catching Bighead Carp weighing over 100 pounds, especially in regions where they’ve been introduced and have few natural predators.
According to the IGFA, though, the heaviest catch for the Bighead Carp is exactly 90 pounds. Meanwhile, a 2023 unverified report claims a catch of a 118-pound Bighead Carp.
16. Silver Carp
The Silver Carp, or Hypophthalmichthys molitrix as it’s scientifically known, is renowned for its filter-feeding habits.
Sometimes grouped under the term “Asian Carp,” Silver Carp are filter feeders that sift through the water to consume plankton and other tiny organisms.
History
Native to China and Eastern Russia, Silver Carp have been introduced to other parts of the world, both intentionally and accidentally. Over time, they have become a significant species in many freshwater ecosystems.
Appearance
The Silver Carp boasts a silver body with a hint of green on their back. Unlike the Mirror Carp, which can be found with unique scale patterns, the Silver Carp has a more uniform appearance.
Size
On average, Silver Carp can grow up to 40 inches in length. Their robust size is one of the reasons they are so popular among fish enthusiasts.
Record Catches
Some of the largest Silver Carp ever caught have weighed in at over 60 pounds. Particularly, according to the IGFA, the heaviest so far is 70 pounds and 8 ounces. This record is verified by the Guinness World Records.
17. Bigscale Carp
The Bigscale Carp, scientifically known as Hypophthalmichthys harmandi, is one of the species under the genus Hypophthalmichthys, which also includes the Silver Carp (H. molitrix) and the bighead carp (H. nobilis).
While not as commonly discussed as the more common carp species, such as the Ghost Carp or the Crucian carp, they hold their own in the world of aquatic enthusiasts.
History
Originating from the freshwater rivers of East Asia, ranging from Siberia to Vietnam, the Bigscale Carp has a history that dates back centuries.
It’s believed that these fish were once a staple in the diets of ancient communities.
Appearance
With their shimmering scales and streamlined body, the Bigscale Carp is a sight to behold. Their scales are notably larger than those of other carp species, giving them their distinctive name.
Size
Typically, the Bigscale Carp can grow up to 21.5 inches in length. However, in optimal conditions, some might exceed this size.
Record Catches
There have been reports of Bigscale Carp weighing over 40 pounds being caught, making them a prized catch for many anglers. These record catches often become tales of legend in fishing communities.
18. Rohu
The Rohu, scientifically known as Labeo rohita, is a freshwater fish primarily found in rivers across South Asia. Rohus have a distinct taste and cultural significance in many Asian cuisines.
History
Originating from the Indian subcontinent, Rohus have been staples in local diets for centuries. Their popularity has grown over time, and now they’re not only appreciated for their taste but also for their role in traditional ceremonies.
My real encounter with Rohu was during a research trip to South Asia. As a marine enthusiast, I delved into the world of freshwater fish, and it was then that I truly grasped the significance of the Rohu in the region.
Not only are they considered a dietary staple, but their historical roots trace back centuries on the Indian subcontinent.
As time has passed, their popularity has only grown, and they’re now cherished not just for their culinary delight but also for their role in traditional ceremonies.
Appearance
Rohus boast a shiny, silver body with a conspicuously arched head. Their streamlined shape makes them easily recognizable among other carp species.
Size
Typically, adult Rohu can grow up to 35 inches in length. However, the average size caught by fishermen usually ranges between 20 and 30 inches.
Record Catches
While there have been many impressive catches over the years, the recognized record for the largest Rohu caught stands at an astonishing 55 pounds and 2 ounces, showcasing the species’ potential for growth.
19. Black Carp
Known scientifically as Mylopharyngodon piceus, the Black Carp, sometimes referred to as the Chinese Black Roach, is a unique species native to East Asia, specifically from the Amur Basin across China to Vietnam.
History
The Black Carp’s origins trace back to China, where they have been cultivated for over a thousand years.
Initially bred for their medicinal properties, they later became a popular choice for aquaculture due to their ability to control snail populations. They are one of the “four famous domestic fishes” used in polyculture in China.
Appearance
This carp species has a sleek, dark body that can range from brown to almost black.
Their elongated shape and subtle scales give them a smooth appearance, differentiating them from the more common types of carp that can be found in many waters.
Size
Black Carp are impressive in size, with a typical length of 23.5 to 47 inches. However, on the extreme end, these fish can reach up to 75 inches in length.
Record Catches
According to one source, the record catch for a Black Carp stands at an impressive 162 pounds and 1 ounce. These giant fish were caught in a reservoir near Mingguang, Anhui Province, in China.
20. Jullien’s Golden Carp
The Jullien’s Golden Carp, scientifically known as Probarbus jullieni, is a standout species among the carp family. Sometimes mistaken as the Crucian Carp, these fish have their own unique features that make them a favorite.
History
Originating from the freshwater rivers of Southeast Asia, the Jullien’s Golden Carp has a rich history of being both a sought-after game fish and a symbol of prosperity in various cultures.
In many Asian countries, such as Cambodia and Thailand, this carp species is steadily being repopulated by concerned individuals. This is according to a 2023 report by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN).
Appearance
These carp boast a shimmering golden hue interspersed with subtle stripes, giving them a regal appearance. Their scales reflect light beautifully, making them a sight to behold in clear waters.
Size
Typically, the Jullien’s Golden Carp can grow up to 65 inches in length and 155 pounds, although some exceptional specimens have been known to exceed this.
Record Catches
There have been reports of Jullien’s Golden Carp weighing 220 pounds and 7 ounces. However, this catch is not verified and may have used methods other than rod and reel.
21. Thicklip Barb
The Thicklip Barb, scientifically known as Probarbus labeamajor, is a distinctive species within the carp family Cyprinidae.
Native to Cambodia, Laos, and Thailand, these fish are often overshadowed by their more well-known relatives but have their own set of unique characteristics that make them stand out.
History
Originating from the freshwater regions of Asia, Thicklip Barbs have historically been sought after for their meat and as game fish.
Additionally, they hold cultural significance in the regions where they’re found. These fish are said to be endemic to the Mekong River.
Appearance
Thicklip Barbs showcase a sleek and streamlined body with a pronounced dorsal fin.
Their silvery body, accentuated with hints of green, gives them a unique and captivating look, especially when they glide through clear waters.
Size
Thicklip Barbs can reach a maximum length of approximately 59 inches and a maximum weight of around 154 pounds.
Record Catches
As per Fishbase, the largest Thicklip Barb ever recorded measures 154 pounds and 5 ounces. However, other reports suggest larger catches, especially in areas like Southern Laos.
22. Mahseer
The Mahseer, scientifically known as Tor spp. (a group of species), are carp species belonging to the same group. There are several species of Mahseer, each with its unique characteristics.
History
Mahseers gained prominence as a sought-after game fish among British anglers during their rule in India. They were first scientifically documented in 1822 by Francis Buchanan-Hamilton.
Additionally, in south Indian Hindu traditions, the Mahseer is revered, often symbolizing Matsya, an incarnation of the deity Vishnu.
Appearance
Mahseers have a robust, streamlined body with golden, silver, or grey scales. Their fins are usually red or orange, giving them a majestic look.
Size
Depending on the species, Mahseers can range from a modest 2 feet to an impressive 4 to 5 feet in length. Their weight can vary, with some specimens reaching over 100 pounds.
Record Catches
There have been records of Mahseers being caught weighing over 120 pounds. In 2011, a Mahseer, specifically a Tor putitora, was caught and weighed an impressive 130 pounds and 10 ounces.
23. Barbus
The Barbus, with its scientific name Barbus spp., is a diverse genus within the carp family. While crucian carp are also part of the carp family, Barbuses stand out due to their numerous species and variations.
History
Barbuses have a rich history that dates back centuries. They’ve been a popular choice among freshwater anglers and have been featured in ancient art and literature.
Interestingly, in ancient Egypt, barbs were found in pickled preparations, showcasing their significance in culinary traditions.
Appearance
Barbus species have varying body colors, often influenced by their specific habitats. Their barbels, or whisker-like appendages near the mouth, are a defining feature.
Size
Most Barbus species are smaller, often ranging from 1 to 12 inches in length. However, some species can grow larger, especially in optimal conditions.
Record Catches
While Barbus species can vary in size, they typically do not reach weights over 30 pounds. However, some questionable records list the heaviest Barbus carp to be 55 pounds and 2 ounces.
24. F1 Carp
The F1 Carp is a unique blend combining the best traits of its parent species.
This carp is a hybrid fish resulting from the cross between the Common Carp and a Crucian Carp or Brown Goldfish.
History
Originating from breeding experiments in Europe, the F1 Carp was developed to combine the best traits of its parent species.
Interestingly, while grass carp are also a popular species, F1 Carp have carved their own niche in the angling community.
Appearance
Sporting a sleek, streamlined body, the F1 Carp has a silvery-brown hue with a slightly darker back. Their body shape is a testament to their Mirror Carp heritage, while their size leans more toward the Common Carp.
Size
Typically, an adult F1 Carp can range between 2 and 5 pounds, although some exceptional specimens can grow larger. Their size makes them a favorite among anglers looking for a moderate challenge.
Record Catches
The F1 Carp has its own records in terms of catches. Some of the most notable catches have weighed in at over 7 pounds, showcasing the potential of this hybrid species.
In fact, one source claims the catch of an F1 Carp weighing an astonishing 13 pounds and 8 ounces.
Frequently Asked Questions
What Is the Most Common Type of Carp?
The Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio) is the most prevalent carp species. This oily freshwater fish, native to Europe and Asia, belongs to the Cyprinidae family. While consumed globally, it’s deemed invasive in some areas.
What Is the Rarest Carp?
Carp rarity varies by location. For example, the Blue Carp (Mylopharyngdon piceus) is scarce in Britain.
Conversely, in East Asia, the Black Carp, often termed the “Black Chinese Roach,” is a sought-after fish, particularly in China, due to traditional medicinal beliefs.
What Kind of Carp Do People Eat?
Various carp species are dietary staples worldwide. The Common Carp is popular in countries like Slovakia, Poland, Croatia, and the Czech Republic.
Bighead Carp, with its white, firm flesh, contrasts the richer, darker meat of the Common Carp. In Poland, the Crucian Carp is a favored pan fish. The Mud Carp, often sold alive, dried, or salted, is a primary food source for the less affluent.
In Guangdong, China, Chinese Mud Carp is essential in dishes like fish balls and dumplings.
Whether you’re considering carp for an aquarium, pondering their role in nature, or simply expanding your knowledge, we hope this guide has provided valuable insights. Let us know your favorite type of carp species by leaving a comment below!
